293 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
293 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# 02.Docker镜像管理
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## 02.Docker镜像管理
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### 1. 搜索镜像
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```bash
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker search centos
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NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
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centos The official build of CentOS. 6584 [OK]
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ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 134 [OK]
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consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 129 [OK]
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jdeathe/centos-ssh OpenSSH / Supervisor / EPEL/IUS/SCL Repos - … 118 [OK]
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centos/systemd systemd enabled base container. 99 [OK]
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imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 58 [OK]
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tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 48
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kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 29 [OK]
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pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 13
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guyton/centos6 From official centos6 container with full up… 10 [OK]
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centos/tools Docker image that has systems administration… 7 [OK]
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drecom/centos-ruby centos ruby 6 [OK]
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pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do… 5
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pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi… 3
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darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK]
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mamohr/centos-java Oracle Java 8 Docker image based on Centos 7 3 [OK]
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pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t… 3
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miko2u/centos6 CentOS6 日本語環境 2 [OK]
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indigo/centos-maven Vanilla CentOS 7 with Oracle Java Developmen… 2 [OK]
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amd64/centos The official build of CentOS. 2
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dokken/centos-7 CentOS 7 image for kitchen-dokken 2
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pivotaldata/centos6.8-dev CentosOS 6.8 image for GPDB development 1
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blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK]
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smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK]
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```
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可以看到返回了很多包含关键字的镜像，其中包括镜像名字、描述、点赞数（表示该镜像的受欢迎程度）、是否官方创建、是否自动创建。默认输出结果按照星级评价进行排序。
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### 2. 下载镜像
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可以使用docker pull命令直接下载镜像，语法为：
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```bash
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docker pull NAME:TAG
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```
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其中，NAME是镜像名称，TAG是镜像的标签（往往用来是表示版本信息），通常情况下，描述一个镜像需要包括名称+标签，如果不指定标签，标签的值默认为latest。
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- 下载nginx、centos、hello-world镜像
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```bash
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker pull nginx
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker pull centos
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker pull hello-world
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```
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### 3. 查看镜像信息
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#### 3.1 docker images
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- 列出本地所有镜像
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```bash
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker images
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
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nginx latest d1a364dc548d 2 weeks ago 133MB
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hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
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centos latest 300e315adb2f 6 months ago 209MB
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```
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在列出的信息中可以看到几个字段：
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- REPOSITORY：镜像仓库名称
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- TAG：镜像的标签信息
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- 镜像ID：唯一用来标识镜像，如果两个镜像的ID相同，说明他们实际上指向了同一个镜像，只是具有不同标签名称而已
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- CREATED：创建时间，说明镜像的最后更新时间
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- SIZE：镜像大小，优秀的镜像往往体积都较小
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#### 3.2 docker tag
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为了方便在后续工作中使用特定镜像，可以使用docker tag命令来为本地镜像任意添加新的标签
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```bash
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[root@localhost ~]# docker tag nginx:latest mynginx:latest
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[root@localhost ~]# docker images
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
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mynginx latest 53a18edff809 6 weeks ago 192MB
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nginx latest 53a18edff809 6 weeks ago 192MB
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hello-world latest 74cc54e27dc4 2 months ago 10.1kB
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registry.cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/welldene/games rpg_game 6a963645d135 22 months ago 310MB
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```
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#### 3.3 docker inspect
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可以使用docker inspect命令获取该镜像的详细信息
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```bash
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[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect nginx:latest
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[
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{
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"Id": "sha256:53a18edff8091d5faff1e42b4d885bc5f0f897873b0b8f0ace236cd5930819b0",
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"RepoTags": [
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"mynginx:latest",
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"nginx:latest"
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],
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"RepoDigests": [
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"nginx@sha256:124b44bfc9ccd1f3cedf4b592d4d1e8bddb78b51ec2ed5056c52d3692baebc19"
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],
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"Parent": "",
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"Comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0",
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"Created": "2025-02-05T21:27:16Z",
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"DockerVersion": "",
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"Author": "",
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"Config": {
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"Hostname": "",
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"Domainname": "",
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"User": "",
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"AttachStdin": false,
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"AttachStdout": false,
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"AttachStderr": false,
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"ExposedPorts": {
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"80/tcp": {}
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},
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"Tty": false,
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"OpenStdin": false,
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"StdinOnce": false,
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"Env": [
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"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
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"NGINX_VERSION=1.27.4",
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"NJS_VERSION=0.8.9",
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"NJS_RELEASE=1~bookworm",
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"PKG_RELEASE=1~bookworm",
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"DYNPKG_RELEASE=1~bookworm"
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],
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"Cmd": [
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"nginx",
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"-g",
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"daemon off;"
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],
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"Image": "",
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"Volumes": null,
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"WorkingDir": "",
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"Entrypoint": [
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"/docker-entrypoint.sh"
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],
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"OnBuild": null,
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"Labels": {
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"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
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},
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"StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
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},
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"Architecture": "amd64",
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"Os": "linux",
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"Size": 192004242,
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"GraphDriver": {
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"Data": {
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"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5698387a01cba2eedc0058d1ceec91493ae1c0a55352cc3d3ff2de257add6461/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3c85557f47aee3bc95423d00407b301ba73ee79e689a4acaa63b22aea3f64a29/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0dcd12c3dfdc4ca7e74cc05e6ec1ea701bff84acbdbe8c0ece63a1a5cbac85c4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3105b0866bd0cba95bb28d3df6e7948853129aaadf4bdb6f162de3d61bb176cc/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f0864c0d8aa319dbf9e0f63d00b817bd9723badce3eef3879cc3114523ed6831/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/44374136ef63aea5fd69dc1dc7d3c6238b4eca766845f15a869eb1479bd12387/diff",
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"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d658b597a569f714a0dab28da1ddf3b7b15001f1b1889dfc72f1ea8ed56d2cad/merged",
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"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d658b597a569f714a0dab28da1ddf3b7b15001f1b1889dfc72f1ea8ed56d2cad/diff",
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"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d658b597a569f714a0dab28da1ddf3b7b15001f1b1889dfc72f1ea8ed56d2cad/work"
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},
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"Name": "overlay2"
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},
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"RootFS": {
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"Type": "layers",
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"Layers": [
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"sha256:1287fbecdfcce6ee8cf2436e5b9e9d86a4648db2d91080377d499737f1b307f3",
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"sha256:135f786ad04647c6e58d9a2d4f6f87bd677ef6144ab24c81a6f5be7acc63fbc9",
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"sha256:ad2f08e39a9de1e12157c800bd31ba86f8cc222eedec11e8e072c3ba608d26fb",
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"sha256:d98dcc720ae098efb91563f0a9abe03de50b403f7aa6c6f0e1dfb8297aedb61f",
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"sha256:aa82c57cd9fe730130e35d42c6b26a4a9d3c858f61c23f63d53b703abf30adf8",
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"sha256:d26dc06ef910f67b1b2bcbcc6318e2e08881011abc7ad40fd859f38641ab105c",
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"sha256:03d9365bc5dc9ec8b2f032927d3d3ae10b840252c86cf245a63b713d50eaa2fd"
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]
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},
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"Metadata": {
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"LastTagTime": "2025-03-24T19:26:37.193805768+08:00"
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}
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}
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]
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```
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#### 3.4 docker history
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镜像由多层组成，可以使用history子命令，该命令将列出各层创建信息
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```bash
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[root@localhost ~]# docker history nginx
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IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
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53a18edff809 6 weeks ago CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon off;"] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago EXPOSE map[80/tcp:{}] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entrypoint.sh"] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago COPY 30-tune-worker-processes.sh /docker-ent… 4.62kB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago COPY 20-envsubst-on-templates.sh /docker-ent… 3.02kB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago COPY 15-local-resolvers.envsh /docker-entryp… 389B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago COPY 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh /docker… 2.12kB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago COPY docker-entrypoint.sh / # buildkit 1.62kB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago RUN /bin/sh -c set -x && groupadd --syst… 117MB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago ENV DYNPKG_RELEASE=1~bookworm 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~bookworm 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago ENV NJS_RELEASE=1~bookworm 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago ENV NJS_VERSION=0.8.9 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.27.4 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago LABEL maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <d… 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
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<missing> 6 weeks ago # debian.sh --arch 'amd64' out/ 'bookworm' '… 74.8MB debuerreotype 0.15
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```
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### 4. 镜像导入导出
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#### 4.1 导出
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可以将镜像从本地导出为一个压缩文件，然后复制到其他服务器进行导入使用
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- 导出方法一
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```bash
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[root@localhost ~]# docker save nginx:latest -o /opt/nginx.tar.gz
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[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/nginx.tar.gz
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-rw-------. 1 root root 196167168 Mar 24 19:28 /opt/nginx.tar.gz
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```
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- 导出方法二
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```bash
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[root@localhost ~]# docker save nginx:latest > /opt/nginx-1.tar.gz
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[root@localhost ll /opt/nginx-1.tar.gz
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-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 196167168 Mar 24 19:29 /opt/nginx-1.tar.gz
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```
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#### 4.2 导入
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先将导出的镜像发到需要导入的docker服务器中
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- 导入方法一
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```bash
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker load -i /opt/nginx.tar.gz
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Loaded image: centos:latest
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```
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- 导出方法二
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```bash
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker load < /opt/nginx.tar.gz
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Loaded image: centos:latest
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```
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### 5. 删除镜像
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- 使用镜像名称+标签
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```bash
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker images
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
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nginx latest d1a364dc548d 2 weeks ago 133MB
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hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
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centos latest 300e315adb2f 6 months ago 209MB
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mycentos latest 300e315adb2f 6 months ago 209MB
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker rmi nginx:latest
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Untagged: nginx:latest
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Untagged: nginx@sha256:6d75c99af15565a301e48297fa2d121e15d80ad526f8369c526324f0f7ccb750
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Deleted: sha256:d1a364dc548d5357f0da3268c888e1971bbdb957ee3f028fe7194f1d61c6fdee
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Deleted: sha256:fcc8faba78fe8a1f75025781c8fa1841079b75b54fce8408d039f73a48b7a81b
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Deleted: sha256:a476b265974ace4c857e3d88b358e848f126297a8249840c72d5f5ea1954a4bf
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Deleted: sha256:56722ee1ee7e73a5c6f96ea2959fa442fb4db9f044399bcd939bb0a6eb7919dc
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Deleted: sha256:c657df997c75f6c1a9c5cc683e8e34c6f29e5b4c1dee60b632d3477fd5fdd644
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Deleted: sha256:e9e1f772d2a8dbbeb6a4a4dcb4f0d07ff1c432bf94fac7a2db2216837bf9ec5b
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Deleted: sha256:02c055ef67f5904019f43a41ea5f099996d8e7633749b6e606c400526b2c4b33
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```
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- 使用镜像id
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```bash
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker images
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
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hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
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centos latest 300e315adb2f 6 months ago 209MB
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mycentos latest 300e315adb2f 6 months ago 209MB
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker rmi 300e315adb2f
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Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 300e315adb2f (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker rmi 300e315adb2f -f
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Untagged: centos:latest
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Untagged: centos@sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
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Untagged: mycentos:latest
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Deleted: sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55
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Deleted: sha256:2653d992f4ef2bfd27f94db643815aa567240c37732cae1405ad1c1309ee9859
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[root@docker-server ~]# docker images
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
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hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
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``` |