14 KiB
14 KiB
02.Docker镜像管理
02.Docker镜像管理
1. 搜索镜像
[root@docker-server ~]# docker search centos
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
centos The official build of CentOS. 6584 [OK]
ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 134 [OK]
consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 129 [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh OpenSSH / Supervisor / EPEL/IUS/SCL Repos - … 118 [OK]
centos/systemd systemd enabled base container. 99 [OK]
imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 58 [OK]
tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 48
kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 29 [OK]
pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 13
guyton/centos6 From official centos6 container with full up… 10 [OK]
centos/tools Docker image that has systems administration… 7 [OK]
drecom/centos-ruby centos ruby 6 [OK]
pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do… 5
pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi… 3
darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK]
mamohr/centos-java Oracle Java 8 Docker image based on Centos 7 3 [OK]
pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t… 3
miko2u/centos6 CentOS6 日本語環境 2 [OK]
indigo/centos-maven Vanilla CentOS 7 with Oracle Java Developmen… 2 [OK]
amd64/centos The official build of CentOS. 2
dokken/centos-7 CentOS 7 image for kitchen-dokken 2
pivotaldata/centos6.8-dev CentosOS 6.8 image for GPDB development 1
blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK]
smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK]
可以看到返回了很多包含关键字的镜像，其中包括镜像名字、描述、点赞数（表示该镜像的受欢迎程度）、是否官方创建、是否自动创建。默认输出结果按照星级评价进行排序。
2. 下载镜像
可以使用docker pull命令直接下载镜像，语法为：
docker pull NAME:TAG
其中，NAME是镜像名称，TAG是镜像的标签（往往用来是表示版本信息），通常情况下，描述一个镜像需要包括名称+标签，如果不指定标签，标签的值默认为latest。
- 下载nginx、centos、hello-world镜像
[root@docker-server ~]# docker pull nginx
[root@docker-server ~]# docker pull centos
[root@docker-server ~]# docker pull hello-world
3. 查看镜像信息
3.1 docker images
- 列出本地所有镜像
[root@docker-server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest d1a364dc548d 2 weeks ago 133MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 6 months ago 209MB
在列出的信息中可以看到几个字段：
- REPOSITORY：镜像仓库名称
- TAG：镜像的标签信息
- 镜像ID：唯一用来标识镜像，如果两个镜像的ID相同，说明他们实际上指向了同一个镜像，只是具有不同标签名称而已
- CREATED：创建时间，说明镜像的最后更新时间
- SIZE：镜像大小，优秀的镜像往往体积都较小
3.2 docker tag
为了方便在后续工作中使用特定镜像，可以使用docker tag命令来为本地镜像任意添加新的标签
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag nginx:latest mynginx:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mynginx latest 53a18edff809 6 weeks ago 192MB
nginx latest 53a18edff809 6 weeks ago 192MB
hello-world latest 74cc54e27dc4 2 months ago 10.1kB
registry.cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/welldene/games rpg_game 6a963645d135 22 months ago 310MB
3.3 docker inspect
可以使用docker inspect命令获取该镜像的详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect nginx:latest
[
{
"Id": "sha256:53a18edff8091d5faff1e42b4d885bc5f0f897873b0b8f0ace236cd5930819b0",
"RepoTags": [
"mynginx:latest",
"nginx:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"nginx@sha256:124b44bfc9ccd1f3cedf4b592d4d1e8bddb78b51ec2ed5056c52d3692baebc19"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0",
"Created": "2025-02-05T21:27:16Z",
"DockerVersion": "",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.27.4",
"NJS_VERSION=0.8.9",
"NJS_RELEASE=1~bookworm",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~bookworm",
"DYNPKG_RELEASE=1~bookworm"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"Image": "",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"/docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 192004242,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5698387a01cba2eedc0058d1ceec91493ae1c0a55352cc3d3ff2de257add6461/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3c85557f47aee3bc95423d00407b301ba73ee79e689a4acaa63b22aea3f64a29/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0dcd12c3dfdc4ca7e74cc05e6ec1ea701bff84acbdbe8c0ece63a1a5cbac85c4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3105b0866bd0cba95bb28d3df6e7948853129aaadf4bdb6f162de3d61bb176cc/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f0864c0d8aa319dbf9e0f63d00b817bd9723badce3eef3879cc3114523ed6831/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/44374136ef63aea5fd69dc1dc7d3c6238b4eca766845f15a869eb1479bd12387/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d658b597a569f714a0dab28da1ddf3b7b15001f1b1889dfc72f1ea8ed56d2cad/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d658b597a569f714a0dab28da1ddf3b7b15001f1b1889dfc72f1ea8ed56d2cad/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d658b597a569f714a0dab28da1ddf3b7b15001f1b1889dfc72f1ea8ed56d2cad/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:1287fbecdfcce6ee8cf2436e5b9e9d86a4648db2d91080377d499737f1b307f3",
"sha256:135f786ad04647c6e58d9a2d4f6f87bd677ef6144ab24c81a6f5be7acc63fbc9",
"sha256:ad2f08e39a9de1e12157c800bd31ba86f8cc222eedec11e8e072c3ba608d26fb",
"sha256:d98dcc720ae098efb91563f0a9abe03de50b403f7aa6c6f0e1dfb8297aedb61f",
"sha256:aa82c57cd9fe730130e35d42c6b26a4a9d3c858f61c23f63d53b703abf30adf8",
"sha256:d26dc06ef910f67b1b2bcbcc6318e2e08881011abc7ad40fd859f38641ab105c",
"sha256:03d9365bc5dc9ec8b2f032927d3d3ae10b840252c86cf245a63b713d50eaa2fd"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "2025-03-24T19:26:37.193805768+08:00"
}
}
]
3.4 docker history
镜像由多层组成，可以使用history子命令，该命令将列出各层创建信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker history nginx
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
53a18edff809 6 weeks ago CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon off;"] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago EXPOSE map[80/tcp:{}] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entrypoint.sh"] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago COPY 30-tune-worker-processes.sh /docker-ent… 4.62kB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago COPY 20-envsubst-on-templates.sh /docker-ent… 3.02kB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago COPY 15-local-resolvers.envsh /docker-entryp… 389B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago COPY 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh /docker… 2.12kB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago COPY docker-entrypoint.sh / # buildkit 1.62kB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago RUN /bin/sh -c set -x && groupadd --syst… 117MB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago ENV DYNPKG_RELEASE=1~bookworm 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~bookworm 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago ENV NJS_RELEASE=1~bookworm 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago ENV NJS_VERSION=0.8.9 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.27.4 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago LABEL maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <d… 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 6 weeks ago # debian.sh --arch 'amd64' out/ 'bookworm' '… 74.8MB debuerreotype 0.15
4. 镜像导入导出
4.1 导出
可以将镜像从本地导出为一个压缩文件，然后复制到其他服务器进行导入使用
- 导出方法一
[root@localhost ~]# docker save nginx:latest -o /opt/nginx.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/nginx.tar.gz
-rw-------. 1 root root 196167168 Mar 24 19:28 /opt/nginx.tar.gz
- 导出方法二
[root@localhost ~]# docker save nginx:latest > /opt/nginx-1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ll /opt/nginx-1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 196167168 Mar 24 19:29 /opt/nginx-1.tar.gz
4.2 导入
先将导出的镜像发到需要导入的docker服务器中
- 导入方法一
[root@docker-server ~]# docker load -i /opt/nginx.tar.gz
Loaded image: centos:latest
- 导出方法二
[root@docker-server ~]# docker load < /opt/nginx.tar.gz
Loaded image: centos:latest
5. 删除镜像
- 使用镜像名称+标签
[root@docker-server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest d1a364dc548d 2 weeks ago 133MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 6 months ago 209MB
mycentos latest 300e315adb2f 6 months ago 209MB
[root@docker-server ~]# docker rmi nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:6d75c99af15565a301e48297fa2d121e15d80ad526f8369c526324f0f7ccb750
Deleted: sha256:d1a364dc548d5357f0da3268c888e1971bbdb957ee3f028fe7194f1d61c6fdee
Deleted: sha256:fcc8faba78fe8a1f75025781c8fa1841079b75b54fce8408d039f73a48b7a81b
Deleted: sha256:a476b265974ace4c857e3d88b358e848f126297a8249840c72d5f5ea1954a4bf
Deleted: sha256:56722ee1ee7e73a5c6f96ea2959fa442fb4db9f044399bcd939bb0a6eb7919dc
Deleted: sha256:c657df997c75f6c1a9c5cc683e8e34c6f29e5b4c1dee60b632d3477fd5fdd644
Deleted: sha256:e9e1f772d2a8dbbeb6a4a4dcb4f0d07ff1c432bf94fac7a2db2216837bf9ec5b
Deleted: sha256:02c055ef67f5904019f43a41ea5f099996d8e7633749b6e606c400526b2c4b33
- 使用镜像id
[root@docker-server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 6 months ago 209MB
mycentos latest 300e315adb2f 6 months ago 209MB
[root@docker-server ~]# docker rmi 300e315adb2f
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 300e315adb2f (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories
[root@docker-server ~]# docker rmi 300e315adb2f -f
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Untagged: mycentos:latest
Deleted: sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55
Deleted: sha256:2653d992f4ef2bfd27f94db643815aa567240c37732cae1405ad1c1309ee9859
[root@docker-server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB