519 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
519 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# Redis 环境搭建
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## Redis 安装
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Redis 在 Rocky Linux release 9.4 (Blue Onyx) 通过 YUM 安装 redis-6.2.19-1.el9_6.x86_64
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
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Rocky Linux release 9.4 (Blue Onyx)
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[root@localhost ~]# yum provides redis
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Last metadata expiration check: 0:06:10 ago on Sat Aug 2 12:50:25 2025.
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redis-6.2.19-1.el9_6.x86_64 : A persistent key-value database
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Repo : appstream
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Matched from:
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Provide : redis = 6.2.19-1.el9_6
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[root@localhost ~]# yum install redis-6.2.19-1.el9_6 -y
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```
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## Redis 启动和连接
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### Redis 服务启动
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**使用 systemd 管理**
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```shell
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# 服务文件
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[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /usr/lib/systemd/system/redis.service
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# 重新加载 systemd
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systemctl daemon-reload
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# 启动 Redis 服务
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systemctl start redis
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# 设置开机自启
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systemctl enable redis
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# 查看服务状态
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systemctl status redis
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```
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**手动启动**
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```shell
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# 前台启动（用于调试）
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redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
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# 后台启动
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redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --daemonize yes
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# 指定端口启动
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redis-server --port 6380
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# 指定配置参数启动
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redis-server --maxmemory 1gb --maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
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```
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### Redis 客户端连接
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**本地连接**
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```shell
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# 默认连接
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redis-cli
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# 指定主机和端口
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redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379
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# 使用密码连接
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redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a your_password
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# 连接后认证
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redis-cli
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127.0.0.1:6379> AUTH your_password
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OK
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# 选择数据库
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127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 1
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OK
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127.0.0.1:6379[1]>
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```
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**远程连接配置**
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```shell
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# 服务器端配置
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# 修改配置文件
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vim /etc/redis/redis.conf
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# 修改绑定地址
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bind 0.0.0.0
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# 设置密码
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requirepass your_strong_password
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# 重启服务
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systemctl restart redis
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# 客户端连接
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# 远程连接
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redis-cli -h 192.168.1.100 -p 6379 -a your_password
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```
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## Redis 配置
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### 配置文件详解
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Redis 的主配置文件通常位于 `/etc/redis/redis.conf`，包含了所有的配置选项。
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**配置文件结构：**
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```shell
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# Redis 配置文件主要部分
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1. 网络配置 (NETWORK)
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2. 通用配置 (GENERAL)
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3. 快照配置 (SNAPSHOTTING)
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4. 复制配置 (REPLICATION)
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5. 安全配置 (SECURITY)
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6. 客户端配置 (CLIENTS)
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7. 内存管理 (MEMORY MANAGEMENT)
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8. 惰性释放 (LAZY FREEING)
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9. 线程 I/O (THREADED I/O)
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10. 内核透明大页 (KERNEL TRANSPARENT HUGEPAGE)
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11. 追加模式 (APPEND ONLY MODE)
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12. LUA 脚本 (LUA SCRIPTING)
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13. Redis 集群 (REDIS CLUSTER)
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14. 慢日志 (SLOW LOG)
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15. 延迟监控 (LATENCY MONITOR)
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16. 事件通知 (EVENT NOTIFICATION)
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17. 高级配置 (ADVANCED CONFIG)
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```
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### 常用配置参数
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#### 网络配置
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```shell
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# 绑定地址
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bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
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# 允许所有地址访问（生产环境需谨慎）
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# bind 0.0.0.0
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# 端口号
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port 6379
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# TCP 监听队列长度
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tcp-backlog 511
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# 客户端空闲超时时间（秒）
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timeout 0
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# TCP keepalive
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tcp-keepalive 300
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```
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#### 通用配置
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```shell
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# 以守护进程方式运行
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daemonize yes
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# 进程文件
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pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid
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# 日志级别：debug, verbose, notice, warning
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loglevel notice
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# 日志文件
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logfile /var/log/redis/redis-server.log
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# 数据库数量
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databases 16
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# 显示 Redis logo
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always-show-logo no
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```
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#### 内存管理
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```shell
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# 最大内存限制
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maxmemory 2gb
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# 内存淘汰策略
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# noeviction: 不淘汰，内存满时报错
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# allkeys-lru: 所有键 LRU 淘汰
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# volatile-lru: 有过期时间的键 LRU 淘汰
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# allkeys-random: 所有键随机淘汰
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# volatile-random: 有过期时间的键随机淘汰
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# volatile-ttl: 有过期时间的键按 TTL 淘汰
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# allkeys-lfu: 所有键 LFU 淘汰
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# volatile-lfu: 有过期时间的键 LFU 淘汰
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maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
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# LRU 和 LFU 算法样本数量
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maxmemory-samples 5
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```
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### 安全配置
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#### 密码认证
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```shell
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# 设置密码
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requirepass your_strong_password_here
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# 重命名危险命令
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rename-command FLUSHDB ""
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rename-command FLUSHALL ""
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rename-command KEYS ""
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rename-command CONFIG "CONFIG_9a8b7c6d5e4f"
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```
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#### ACL 用户管理
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```shell
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# 启用 ACL 日志
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acllog-max-len 128
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# ACL 配置文件
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# aclfile /etc/redis/users.acl
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# 示例 ACL 配置
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# user default on nopass ~* &* -@all +@read +@write
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# user app_user on >app_password ~app:* +@read +@write -@dangerous
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# user readonly_user on >readonly_password ~* +@read -@write -@dangerous
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```
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#### 网络安全
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```shell
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# 保护模式（默认开启）
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protected-mode yes
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# 绑定到特定接口
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bind 127.0.0.1 192.168.1.100
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# 禁用某些命令
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rename-command DEBUG ""
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rename-command EVAL ""
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rename-command SCRIPT ""
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```
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### 性能调优配置
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#### 持久化优化
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```shell
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# RDB 配置
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save 900 1 # 900秒内至少1个键变化
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save 300 10 # 300秒内至少10个键变化
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save 60 10000 # 60秒内至少10000个键变化
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# RDB 文件压缩
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rdbcompression yes
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# RDB 文件校验
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rdbchecksum yes
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# RDB 文件名
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dbfilename dump.rdb
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# 工作目录
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dir /var/lib/redis
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# AOF 配置
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appendonly yes
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appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
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# AOF 同步策略
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# always: 每个写操作都同步
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# everysec: 每秒同步一次
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# no: 由操作系统决定
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appendfsync everysec
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# AOF 重写配置
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auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
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auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
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```
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#### 客户端连接优化
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```shell
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# 最大客户端连接数
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maxclients 10000
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# 客户端输出缓冲区限制
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# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
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client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
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client-output-buffer-limit replica 256mb 64mb 60
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client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
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# 客户端查询缓冲区限制
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client-query-buffer-limit 1gb
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```
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#### 慢查询配置
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```shell
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# 慢查询阈值（微秒）
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slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
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# 慢查询日志长度
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slowlog-max-len 128
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```
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## 实践操作
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### 需求描述
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在生产环境中，我们经常需要在同一台服务器上运行多个Redis实例，用于不同的业务场景或实现数据隔离。本实践将演示如何通过自定义配置文件部署多个Redis实例，包括主实例、缓存实例和会话实例。
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### 实践细节和结果验证
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```shell
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# 1. 创建多实例目录结构
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mkdir -p /etc/redis/instances/{main,cache,session}
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mkdir -p /var/lib/redis/{main,cache,session}
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mkdir -p /var/log/redis
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# 2. 创建主实例配置文件 (端口6380)
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tee /etc/redis/instances/main/redis.conf > /dev/null << 'EOF'
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# Redis 主实例配置 - 用于核心业务数据
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port 6380
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bind 127.0.0.1
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daemonize yes
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pidfile /var/run/redis/redis-main.pid
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logfile /var/log/redis/redis-main.log
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dir /var/lib/redis/main
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dbfilename dump-main.rdb
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# 内存配置
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maxmemory 1gb
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maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
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# 持久化配置
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save 900 1
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save 300 10
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save 60 10000
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appendonly yes
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appendfilename "appendonly-main.aof"
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# 安全配置
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requirepass main_redis_2025
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rename-command FLUSHDB ""
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rename-command FLUSHALL ""
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# 客户端配置
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maxclients 1000
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timeout 300
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EOF
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# 3. 创建缓存实例配置文件 (端口6381)
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sudo tee /etc/redis/instances/cache/redis.conf > /dev/null << 'EOF'
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# Redis 缓存实例配置 - 用于应用缓存
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port 6381
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bind 127.0.0.1
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daemonize yes
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pidfile /var/run/redis/redis-cache.pid
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logfile /var/log/redis/redis-cache.log
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dir /var/lib/redis/cache
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dbfilename dump-cache.rdb
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# 内存配置 - 缓存实例分配更多内存
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maxmemory 2gb
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maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
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maxmemory-samples 10
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# 持久化配置 - 缓存数据可以不持久化
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save ""
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appendonly no
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# 安全配置
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requirepass cache_redis_2025
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# 客户端配置
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maxclients 2000
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timeout 0
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# 过期键删除配置
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hz 10
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EOF
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# 4. 创建会话实例配置文件 (端口6382)
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sudo tee /etc/redis/instances/session/redis.conf > /dev/null << 'EOF'
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# Redis 会话实例配置 - 用于用户会话存储
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port 6382
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bind 127.0.0.1
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daemonize yes
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pidfile /var/run/redis/redis-session.pid
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logfile /var/log/redis/redis-session.log
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dir /var/lib/redis/session
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dbfilename dump-session.rdb
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# 内存配置
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maxmemory 512mb
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maxmemory-policy volatile-lru
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# 持久化配置 - 会话数据需要持久化但频率可以低一些
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save 1800 1
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save 300 100
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appendonly yes
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appendfilename "appendonly-session.aof"
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auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
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auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
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# 安全配置
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requirepass session_redis_2025
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# 客户端配置
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maxclients 500
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timeout 1800
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# 键空间通知 - 用于会话过期监控
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notify-keyspace-events Ex
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EOF
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# 5. 创建运行时目录
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mkdir -p /var/run/redis
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chown redis:redis /var/run/redis
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chown -R redis:redis /var/lib/redis
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chown -R redis:redis /var/log/redis
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chown -R redis:redis /etc/redis/instances
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# 6. 创建systemd服务文件
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# 主实例服务
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tee /etc/systemd/system/redis-main.service > /dev/null << 'EOF'
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[Unit]
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Description=Redis Main Instance
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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Type=notify
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ExecStart=/usr/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/instances/main/redis.conf --supervised systemd
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ExecStop=/usr/bin/redis-cli -p 6380 -a main_redis_2025 shutdown
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TimeoutStopSec=0
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Restart=always
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User=redis
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Group=redis
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RuntimeDirectory=redis
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RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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EOF
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# 缓存实例服务
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sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/redis-cache.service > /dev/null << 'EOF'
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[Unit]
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Description=Redis Cache Instance
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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Type=notify
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ExecStart=/usr/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/instances/cache/redis.conf --supervised systemd
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ExecStop=/usr/bin/redis-cli -p 6381 -a cache_redis_2025 shutdown
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TimeoutStopSec=0
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Restart=always
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User=redis
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Group=redis
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RuntimeDirectory=redis
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RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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EOF
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# 会话实例服务
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sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/redis-session.service > /dev/null << 'EOF'
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[Unit]
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Description=Redis Session Instance
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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Type=notify
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ExecStart=/usr/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/instances/session/redis.conf --supervised systemd
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ExecStop=/usr/bin/redis-cli -p 6382 -a session_redis_2025 shutdown
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TimeoutStopSec=0
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Restart=always
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User=redis
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Group=redis
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RuntimeDirectory=redis
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RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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EOF
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# 7. 重新加载systemd并启动服务
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl enable redis-main redis-cache redis-session
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sudo systemctl start redis-main redis-cache redis-session
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# 检查服务状态
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sudo systemctl status redis-main redis-cache redis-session --no-pager
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# 检查端口监听
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sudo netstat -tlnp | grep redis-server
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# 检查进程
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ps aux | grep redis-server | grep -v grep
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# 测试主实例
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redis-cli -p 6380 -a main_redis_2025 ping
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redis-cli -p 6380 -a main_redis_2025 set main:test "Main Instance Data"
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redis-cli -p 6380 -a main_redis_2025 get main:test
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# 测试缓存实例
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redis-cli -p 6381 -a cache_redis_2025 ping
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redis-cli -p 6381 -a cache_redis_2025 set cache:user:1001 "User Cache Data" EX 3600
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redis-cli -p 6381 -a cache_redis_2025 get cache:user:1001
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redis-cli -p 6381 -a cache_redis_2025 ttl cache:user:1001
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# 测试会话实例
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redis-cli -p 6382 -a session_redis_2025 ping
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redis-cli -p 6382 -a session_redis_2025 set session:user:1001 "User Session Data" EX 1800
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redis-cli -p 6382 -a session_redis_2025 get session:user:1001
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redis-cli -p 6382 -a session_redis_2025 ttl session:user:1001
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# 检查内存使用情况 - used_memory_human
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redis-cli -p 6380 -a main_redis_2025 info memory | grep used_memory_human
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redis-cli -p 6381 -a cache_redis_2025 info memory | grep used_memory_human
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redis-cli -p 6382 -a session_redis_2025 info memory | grep used_memory_human
|
||
|
||
# 检查配置信息 - maxmemory
|
||
redis-cli -p 6380 -a main_redis_2025 config get maxmemory
|
||
redis-cli -p 6381 -a cache_redis_2025 config get maxmemory
|
||
redis-cli -p 6382 -a session_redis_2025 config get maxmemory
|
||
|
||
``` |