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python/PIL-CVE-2017-8291/README.zh-cn.md
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python/PIL-CVE-2017-8291/README.zh-cn.md
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# Python PIL 远程命令执行漏洞(GhostButt / CVE-2017-8291)
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Python PIL(Pillow)是一个流行的 Python 图像处理库,支持多种图像格式并提供强大的图像处理功能。
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Python 中处理图片的模块 PIL(Pillow),因为其内部调用了 GhostScript 而受到 GhostButt 漏洞(CVE-2017-8291)的影响,造成远程命令执行漏洞。
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PIL 内部根据图片头(Magic Bytes)判断图片类型,如果发现是一个 EPS 文件(头为 `%!PS`),则分发给 `PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py` 处理。
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在这个模块中,PIL 调用了系统的 gs 命令,也就是 GhostScript 来处理图片文件:
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```python
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command = ["gs",
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"-q", # quiet mode
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"-g%dx%d" % size, # set output geometry (pixels)
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"-r%fx%f" % res, # set input DPI (dots per inch)
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"-dBATCH", # exit after processing
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"-dNOPAUSE", # don't pause between pages,
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"-dSAFER", # safe mode
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"-sDEVICE=ppmraw", # ppm driver
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"-sOutputFile=%s" % outfile, # output file
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"-c", "%d %d translate" % (-bbox[0], -bbox[1]),
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# adjust for image origin
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"-f", infile, # input file
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]
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# 省略判断是否安装 GhostScript 的代码
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try:
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with open(os.devnull, 'w+b') as devnull:
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subprocess.check_call(command, stdin=devnull, stdout=devnull)
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im = Image.open(outfile)
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```
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虽然设置了 `-dSAFER`,也就是安全模式,但因为 GhostScript 的一个沙盒绕过漏洞(GhostButt CVE-2017-8291),导致这个安全模式被绕过,可以执行任意命令。
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另外,截至目前,GhostScript 官方最新版 9.21 仍然受到这个漏洞影响,所以可以说:只要操作系统上安装了 GhostScript,PIL 就存在命令执行漏洞。
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参考链接:
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- [Exploiting Python PIL Module Command Execution Vulnerability](http://blog.neargle.com/2017/09/28/Exploiting-Python-PIL-Module-Command-Execution-Vulnerability/)
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- [CVE-2017-8291 详情](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8291)
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- [GhostScript 安全公告](https://www.ghostscript.com/security-advisories.html)
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## 环境搭建
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执行如下命令启动一个存在漏洞的Web应用,其中使用了PIL处理用户上传的文件:
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```
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docker compose up -d
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```
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环境启动后,访问 `http://your-ip:8000/` 即可看到一个上传页面。
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## 漏洞复现
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该应用的正常功能是允许用户上传一个 PNG 文件,后端调用 PIL 加载图片,输出图片的长宽。但我们可以将可执行命令的 EPS 文件后缀改成 PNG 进行上传,因为后端是根据文件头来判断图片类型,所以能够绕过后缀检查。
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例如,我们可以上传 [poc.png](poc.png),该文件会在服务器上执行 `touch /tmp/aaaaa` 命令。通过将 POC 中的命令修改为反弹 shell 命令,我们可以获得服务器的 shell 访问权限:
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